In the context of teaching reading, what does the term "fluency" refer to?

Fluency in the context of teaching reading primarily refers to the speed and accuracy of reading. It encompasses not only how quickly a student can read text but also how smoothly and with the correct expression they can do so. Fluency is essential because it allows readers to focus on comprehension rather than getting bogged down by decoding words. A fluent reader typically reads with appropriate pacing, using intonation and rhythm, which supports better understanding of the material.

The concept of fluency is pivotal in developing proficient readers who can engage with texts at a deeper level, as fluency serves as a bridge to comprehension. Thus, while the other options relate to important aspects of reading and literacy, they do not define fluency itself. Writing well, summarizing text, and understanding vocabulary contribute to overall literacy skills but do not encapsulate what fluency specifically addresses in the realm of reading.